What is a Mammogram?

A mammogram is a specialized X-ray imaging technique used to create detailed images of the breast. These images allow doctors to detect early signs of breast cancer, often before any symptoms appear, making it a vital screening tool.

How Do Mammograms Work?

During a mammogram, each breast is placed on a flat surface and compressed with a paddle to spread the tissue. This compression is necessary to obtain clear images and is done briefly for each X-ray. The procedure usually takes about 20 minutes.

Types of Mammograms

There are two main types of mammograms:

Screening Mammograms: Used for women who show no symptoms of breast cancer. These are routine checks aimed at detecting any early signs of cancer.

Diagnostic Mammograms: Used when a woman has symptoms such as a lump or unusual nipple discharge or if a screening mammogram shows something abnormal. Diagnostic mammograms provide more detailed images.

Recommendations for Mammograms in Australia

In Australia, mammograms are a vital part of the national strategy to detect breast cancer early and improve survival rates. The guidelines for mammograms are designed to maximize the benefits of early detection while minimizing potential risks.

National Breast Cancer Screening Program

BreastScreen Australia is the national breast cancer screening program offering free mammograms to eligible women. This program aims to detect breast cancer at an early stage when treatment is most effective.

General Recommendations

Women Aged 50 to 74:
- Routine Screening: It is recommended that women aged 50 to 74 have a mammogram every two years. This age group has the highest risk of developing breast cancer, and regular screening significantly improves the chances of early detection and successful treatment.
- Booking an Appointment: Women in this age group can book a free mammogram through BreastScreen Australia by calling 13 20 50 or visiting their local BreastScreen service.
Women Aged 40 to 49 and Over 74:
- Optional Screening: Women aged 40 to 49 and those over 74 are also eligible for free mammograms through BreastScreen Australia, although the benefit is less clear compared to the 50 to 74 age group. Women in these age groups should discuss their individual risk factors and the potential benefits and limitations of screening with their healthcare provider.
- Consultation: It’s important for women in these age groups to have a conversation with their doctor to make an informed decision about when to start and how often to have mammograms.
High-Risk Individuals:
- Earlier and More Frequent Screening: Women with a higher risk of breast cancer (e.g., those with a strong family history, known genetic mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2, or a history of chest radiation) may need to start screening earlier and have mammograms more frequently.
- Personalized Screening Plan: High-risk women should consult with their healthcare provider to develop a personalized screening plan that may include additional imaging tests such as MRI alongside mammograms.

How to Prepare for a Mammogram

Scheduling: Try to schedule your mammogram for the week after your menstrual period when your breasts are less likely to be tender.
Avoid Certain Products: Do not use deodorant, antiperspirant, powders, lotions, creams, or perfumes under your arms or on your breasts on the day of the exam, as these can appear on the mammogram and interfere with the results.
Previous Mammograms: If you have had mammograms done at different facilities, arrange to have your previous images sent to the current location so they can be compared.

Understanding the Results

Normal Results: No signs of cancer are present. Continue regular screenings as recommended.
Abnormal Results: May require additional tests such as diagnostic mammograms, ultrasounds, or biopsies to determine the cause of the abnormal findings.

Addressing Concerns and Myths

Discomfort: Some discomfort or pressure is normal during the procedure, but it should be brief. Inform the technician if the discomfort is significant.
Radiation Exposure: The radiation dose from a mammogram is low and within safety guidelines. The benefits of early detection far outweigh the risks.
False Positives/Negatives: While mammograms are highly effective, they are not perfect. It’s important to follow up on any abnormal results and continue regular screenings.

Regular mammograms play a crucial role in detecting breast cancer early and improving outcomes. For more detailed information or to schedule your mammogram, visit the BreastScreen Australia website or contact them directly. Stay proactive about your breast health and consult with your healthcare provider to determine the best screening plan for you.