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Breast Cancer Basics

Understanding the fundamentals of breast cancer is crucial for early detection, prevention, and treatment. Here, we provide comprehensive information to help you grasp the essentials of breast cancer, empowering you to take control of your health.

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the breast. It can occur in both men and women, although it is far more common in women.

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Types of Breast Cancer

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Breast cancer is not a single disease but includes several different types, each with its own characteristics and treatment approaches:

  • Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): A non-invasive cancer where cells inside the ducts have changed but have not spread to surrounding tissues.

  • Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): The most common type, where cancer cells spread beyond the ducts into other parts of the breast tissue.

  • Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Cancer that starts in the lobules (milk-producing glands) and spreads to surrounding tissues.

  • Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A less common type that does not have any of the three common receptors known to fuel most breast cancer growth (estrogen, progesterone, and the HER-2/neu gene).

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of breast cancer can lead to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment. Common symptoms include:

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  • A lump or mass in the breast

  • Change in breast shape or size

  • Skin changes on the breast (dimpling, puckering, redness)

  • Nipple discharge other than breast milk

  • Pain in the breast or nipple area

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Risk Factors

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Several factors can increase the risk of developing breast cancer:

  • Genetic Factors: Inherited gene mutations (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2).

  • Family History: Having a close relative with breast cancer.

  • Age: Risk increases as you get older.

  • Reproductive History: Early menstruation or late menopause.

  • Lifestyle Factors: Alcohol consumption, obesity, and lack of physical activity.

Screening and Early Detection

Regular screening is vital for early detection of breast cancer. The earlier it is found, the better the chances of successful treatment. Common screening methods include:

Mammograms:

Mammograms are a critical tool in the early detection of breast cancer, significantly improving the chances of successful treatment and survival. Here’s everything you need to know about mammograms and their importance.

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Breast Self-Exams:

Breast self-exams (BSE) are a simple and effective way for women to monitor their own breast health. By regularly examining your own breasts, you can become familiar with their normal appearance and feel, making it easier to detect any changes early

Clinical Breast Exams:

A Clinical Breast Exam (CBE) is a physical examination of the breasts performed by a trained healthcare provider. This exam is designed to detect any abnormalities or changes in the breast tissue that may indicate the presence of breast cancer or other breast health issues.

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